Industrialization Essays (656 words) - Industrial Revolution

Industrialization As George Donelson Moss, author of America in the twentieth century states it; modern America emerged during the last thirty years of the nineteenth century. With most of the century consisting of farmers and smaller towns and country-like living, the later parts of the century brought industrialization and businesses. This changes forced Americans to view and live life differently. Of the important elements that influenced America in the nineteenth century, industrialization and immigration are the most significant. Industry flourished in the 1800s causing changes to Americas every aspect of life. Manufacturing also increased during this time due to the many advancements and new inventions. Railroads, one of the most important advances of the 1800s, increased the growth and size of manufacturing and industrialization. With railroads, wide spread cities could connect to each other enabling companies to sell their products to other consumers besides the local merchants. This expansion of goods allowed more rural areas to flourish into larger, factory dwelling cities. Andrew Carnegie became known as the steel master of America after inventors found a new way of mass-producing steel in the U.S. during the 1860s. America became the number one steel manufacturer in the year of 1880. The petroleum industry grew in the 1860s also. Kerosene, used to bring light to houses after nightfall, became its most important product. John D. Rockefeller, who headed the Standard Oil Company, became the nations first billionaire with his involvement in this industry. Alexander Graham Bells invention of the telephone in 1876 created another huge industry in the nineteenth century. From the 1880s until the end of the century, Americans were using over 800,000 telephones. This aided in communication across the U.S. Another famous inventor, Thomas Edison, also helped the industrialization of the late 1800s by improving telephonic transmissions and the electric light bulb. He built the first power station in 1882 that supplied customers the electric current for lighting. With the industries and businesses flourishing, a big problem with urban development arose. With new industries, workers and their families would flood the surrounding city looking for jobs and places to live. This rapid expansion of people and cities caused many unfavorable results. The workers were forced to live in cramped and crowded housing. Problems arose with this lifestyle including the spreading of diseases, an increased crime rate, psychological stress and juvenile delinquency. These slums also caused problems such as decreased water supply, sewage, and the loss of police and fire protection. The conditions of these urban cities gradually increased leading to paved streets and adequate lighting after dark, decreasing the amount of crime. With the transportation improvements, the cities started to segregate into social classes with the immigrants staying in the poor areas and the middle classes moving away from the central area. With the news of industrialization and economic growth in America in the later part of the nineteenth century, immigrants from mostly Europe began to rush into the U.S. These immigrants were made up of mostly low class peasants with little or no skills, training, or education. These newcomers would crowd the urban cities living in close quarters with other immigrants. The industries employed these people with jobs such as digging sewers, installing utilities, and paving the streets. These people worked very hard for the little wages that they received just to live in our country. These immigrants would more than likely never overcome their social class but their children who were given the opportunity to go to schools and obtain training often achieved middle-class status. Jane Adams, who opened a settlement house in a slum in Chicago called the Hull House, was one of the most helpful in helping the immigrants overcome their poverty. She provided services such as medical care, counse ling, schools, and employment referral to help these people adapt to their new ways of living. History Essays

Bullying Bullying and Facebook Pages Essay

Bullying Bullying and Facebook Pages Essay Bullying: Bullying and Facebook Pages Essay Bullying is a deliberate act to hurt someone physically, verbally or psychologically. Bullying is an issue of power. Bullying is when individuals or groups persistently over a period of time, behave in ways, which cause another person to feel hurt, physically or non-physically. Verbal bullying - such as name calling or put downs, Physical bullying - being punched Social bullying – playing nasty jokes Psychological bullying - you are given dirty looks Cyber bullying - Using technology (texting, calling, Facebook pages, chatrooms) Able to bully without the face-to-face confrontation Bullies can be anyone because they can hide behind technology becoming anonymous. This makes finding the bully very difficult. Cyber bullying is a major concern because technology is such a huge part of our lives. People find these things so serious the consequences can be as bad as suicide. What are some strategies to deal with: Bullying- Tell someone, walk away CONFLICT : Is Normal Occurs when people have opposing views on things and cannot appreciate the other person’s view. Can be resolved or made worse by how we handle ourselves during it. Often other people become involved in the conflict without needing to be. Cyber Bullying- block them, delete account, tell someone What are the effects of bullying on the victim and the bully? Bully- power, may feel guilty Victim- depression, feel alone What is bystander? Someone who witnesses the bullying but does not always report or tell anyone How does a bystander contribute to bullying? Sometimes when they don’t tell anyone of the bullying What can a bystander do to help reduce bullying? Tell someone and get help Participants Not treating people

COMPETITIVE DIALOGUE AND THE NEGOTIATED PROCEDURES Essay

COMPETITIVE DIALOGUE AND THE NEGOTIATED PROCEDURES - Essay Example Such goods may include some IT application gadgets as well as some security and military equipments. In the latter category, the procurer customizes and specifies the characteristics required and the manufacturer produces the goods in the customized traits. This provision entitles the procurer to identifying probable suppliers, who with the specifications of the procurer, manufactures and supplies the required products. This has led to devising of the tendering mechanisms such as the competitive tendering and the negotiated procedures of procurement by both the private as well as the public domain besides the open and the closed tendering procedures. The competitive dialogue involves customized discussions that involves many bidders and, applied in complex procurement procedures. The competitive dialogue method is characterized of two basic stages where the contracting authority starts by advertising the opportunities. Interested participants apply and gives the information through w hich the contracting authority to determine the competitiveness of the applicants for the contracts and thus few of the qualified applicants are shortlisted for the second phase which is the actual competitive dialogue. The dialogue entails thorough discussions with the shortlisted participants and the contracting authority stops to engage when it is assured of proposals that will meet her requirements. After the dialogue, the authority then invites tenders for the contract and the evaluation of the tenders stick to the formula of most economically advantageous. On the other hand, negotiated procedures involve the negotiation of procurement by procurer (contracting authority) and the potential bidders where the most cost effective bidders get the contract award1. The competitive dialogue pass through the two stages as with the prior procedure with the difference notable in that within the negotiated procedures the contracting authority requires proposals from the shortlisted partici pants before engaging in negotiations. In the analysis of procurement through competitive dialogue as well as the negotiation procedures, the most outstanding thing is that both the procurer and the supplier has information that the other has not and is important for the tendering process to be efficient as well as successful. The success of the negotiated as well as the competitive dialogue procurement procedures rest on the ability for the parties involved to use the information at hand convincingly to win the contract award. The two procedures therefore run hand in hand and are thus reviewed together. In the event that competitive dialogue becomes strenuous, then procurer would source for a probable supplier within the market and thus negotiate the procurement procedures. Competitive Dialogue According to the directive 2004-18-ec, the member states have the provision of choosing what kind of contracting that the authorities would be permitted to use either through central purchas ing bodies, auctions by electronic means, dynamic purchasing systems as well as through competitive dialogue procedure2. Competitive dialogue is a mechanism or a procedure through which institutions achieve bidding mechanisms for the purpose of procurement by discussions. It is a provision through which all economic operators are allowed to request to participate in the competitive dialogue leading to assignment of a contract. A newly devised procedure, Competitive dialogue is most applied in public procurement and bidding practices. It was designed to be used in contract procedures, which the open or closed procurement proce

3 Assignments Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

3 Assignments - Assignment Example Tolentino-DelosReyes, F. A., Ruppert, D. S., & Pamela, K. S. (2007). Evidence-based practice: Use of the ventilator bundle to prevent ventilator associated pneumonia. American Journal of Critical Care, 3 (4), 12-13. In this article, the effect of educational program on nurses’ is studied and performance in the CCU and SICU is observed. Here, it is shown that compliance of the program improved knowledge, and helped in reducing VAP incidences. It was showed that a 30 minute education session improved both the nurses’ knowledge and clinical performance. The relation of aspiration factor which contributes to VAP is studied. It was revealed that the pneumonia rate increase from 24% in day one to 48% in day 4 was caused by high secretions level. The clinical education project that was used to asses nurses’ knowledge on the use of VAP bundle supported the proposed change (Zaydfudim et al., 2009). Here, the implementation of VAP dashboard system to measure and record compliance of VAP bundles is described. Statistical information is given, showing that VAP accounts for about 60% of deaths among patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia. VAP prolongs the hospital stay by about 4 to 9days while considerably rising hospitalization costs (Hawe et al., 2009). Compliance with the VAP bundle improved from 39% to 89% for the period of August 2007 to July 2008, after the implementation of electronic VAP dashboard system, while the incidence of VAP reduced from a mean standard deviation of 15.2 to 9.3. Here, the study findings supported the proposed change through the implementation of VAP bundle dashboard system to measure and record compliance of VAP bundles (Hawe et al., 2009). By giving examples of VAP incidence, the article provided morbidity and mortality rate in ICU, which was measured at a rate 40/1,000 patient days in 2004 and 15.9/1,000 ventilator days towards the end of 2005. By offering staff education and overall changes in the organization in order

Islam in Modern Turkey and in Arab World Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Islam in Modern Turkey and in Arab World - Essay Example The push toward the Ottoman past is now too strong to stop. It has been fuelled by events in Central Asia whose only links with the Turks are through the Ottoman origins in the Asian heartland (Ozal). From the 1970s onwards a combination of factors has fed into an Islamic revivalism: the success of Sadat's October was against the Israelis in 1973; the use of oil as weapons by King Faisal of Saudi Arabia; the general resurgence of Islam -the triumph of Ayatollah Khomeini in Iran. Islam for Khomeini meant Ithna Ashari or twelve Imam Shiism (Fereydoun 65). While providing the Shias with an immense reservoir of religious passion, this inevitably acted as a barrier between Shia and the Sunni areas and thereby created obstacles for Khomeini on the larger Muslim world stage (67). Henceforth Islam was to become increasingly a force in Arab politics. Islam meant cultural identity and pride; it also meant social and moral purity in a world seen as corrupted by the West. Furthermore, it was a local native response to organizing and living in the world, not something imported from Moscow or Washington. But Islam would not have any easy run; Muslim activist would be killed and jailed and tortured in their thousands (Ozal). Their legitimate participation in election would be frustrated and their aims deliberately distorted in order to misinform people. The struggle is far from over. Turks are tough and pound people, with developed perception of themselves as people of honour and worth. There is the story from the early 1950s about a Turkish bridge in the Korean War. Threatened by overwhelming communist forces, the Turkish commander refused to retreat. Defying the orders of his United Nation superiors, he sent a message back to saying the word "retreat" did not exist in the vocabulary of the Turks. The Turks were always in the front-line of Islam against Europe; but it was a sophisticated culture Islam embracing many societies (Ozal). Here many systems thrived; here Jews and Christians lived in safety and comfort. However, the Iranian strand reflects the oscillation in society between the dynastic principle of powerful kings and that of pious religious figures. The oscillation has been in evidence in the politics of Iran over the last few centuries. For example, how Majlisi, one of the leaders of the clergy in the late seventeenth century, actually led a revoluti on, not unlike that of Khomeini's, to impose the will of the clergy on the Safavid ruler (Fereydoun 31-63). The dilemma was difficult for the Iranians to resolve. According to one principle, power came from God, and humanity was to submit; according to the other, power came from the imperial dynasty, and genealogy decided their rich cultural heritage, the more they underlined the importance of royalty in their tradition, the further they moved away from the Islamic principle. So those who were against the Islamic principle would oppose it implicitly by talking of the glories of Persian culture, poetry and art. It was a subtext that announced their real political and religious positions (Fereydoun 31-63). There is a central debate in Turkey now about how Islamic the Turkish pass was at the time of the Ottomans. Although the debate may appear academic to an outsider, it relate directly to

Treatment Planning System Software Reflective Essay

Treatment Planning System Software Reflective Essay â€Å"Improving one’s learning and performance could be considered to be a ‘meta-skill’, that is the skill of learning how to learn.† (The Open University, 2012) Clinical skills chosen The clinical skill that was chosen is learning how to use Varian Medical Eclipseâ„ ¢ Treatment Planning System software and acquiring knowledge on how to plan a treatment for the different cancers. Eclipseâ„ ¢ is a comprehensive treatment planning system that simplifies modern radiation therapy planning for dosimetrists, physicists, and physicians to efficiently create, select, and verify the best treatment plans for their patients while ensuring high standard of care and effective protocols (Varian Medical Systems, 2014). This skill was chosen because it is treatment related and is able to give me a deeper understanding on patient’s treatment. Furthermore, the resources were readily available in the department for learning purposes. Process of learning this skill The process of learning this skill was broken down into two components; mastering the use of Eclipseâ„ ¢ software efficiently and gaining knowledge on treatment planning. The intention of breaking goals down (University of Kent Careers and Employability Service, n.d.) into two components is so that I can tackle them one step at a time. Each component was further evaluated based on a three-stage framework of developing a strategy, monitoring progress and evaluating performance (Figure A), which can be used to develop and improve skills and learning in general (The Open University, 2012). Strategy first component of learning process Firstly, the strategy was to have an action plan and time checklist of what I should be doing each week and what I should achieve at the end of each week. An action plan is a review of one’s current capabilities and goals over an extended period of time (The Open University, 2012). It is useful as it provides a structured plan linking the objectives of the learning process together and setting targets for achieving goals. There is a time checklist/schedule plan created on a weekly basis at the end of every journal entry to keep me on track and ensure that the objectives for the week have been met. There was a change in the schedule plan in week 1 as compared to the schedule plan in the action plan because I realised in the first week that one week was insufficient and I needed more time to learn the software. Another strategy was to split the learning process into two components. Getting to know the user interface and all the functions of Eclipseâ„ ¢ treatment planning system first would enhance my learning in treatment planning in the later part. Treatment planning requires both knowledge on treatment planning and skills on using the Eclipseâ„ ¢ treatment planning system. Thus, the first component of my learning journey was to get myself familiarise with Eclipseâ„ ¢ treatment planning software’s user interface and its functions. This took me a couple of weeks instead of one week that was originally planned in the action plan. I was able to learn a lot both on my own by referencing the user manual and also with the help of the senior radiation therapists during the 8-hour learning session per week. As I learn, I jotted down notes in the notebook. Note-taking was helpful as I was able to monitor my learning progress to keep me on track on the things that I have covered and have not. In order to evaluate my performance so far, a written assessment was carried out with the help of the senior radiation therapists at the end of week 2. The results from the assessment would determine my next step, which was to either continue learning the software’s user interface or to move on to the second component of my learning journey to learn how to plan a treatment. I chose a written assessment to evaluate my performance because it allows me to see my results visually in terms of scores. Scoring 92% for the written assessment on the software’s user interface gave me confidence to move to on to the second component of the learning process. Second component of learning process I passed the assessment and moved to learning how to plan a treatment for rectal cancer. For this component, I required the senior radiation therapist to guide me and share her knowledge. It was an observational and verbal learning for the first few hours after which I was left on my own with the hospital’s protocol booklist to try treatment planning on my own. The overload of information and knowledge caused me to miss out on quite a number of things in treatment planning. As such, it occurred to me that I would need a checklist. In my notebook, there were 2 types of lists: one of which is a step-by-step list for a treatment plan based on what the senior radiation therapist taught me and the other, is a checklist that the senior radiation therapists check against after every completion of a treatment plan. The advantages of having a checklist are that it focuses my mind on important objectives, orders my thoughts, making me less likely to forget certain details, monitors my p rogress and prevents me from side-tracking from my objectives. I managed to complete learning the treatment planning for rectal cancer a week earlier than planned. This caused a change in my schedule plan where the remaining planned weeks were brought forward a week. During this process, I should have read up textbooks for information instead of relying solely on the protocol book and the knowledge provided by the senior radiation therapist. I could have also used the Miller’s pyramid (Figure B) to monitor my performance on a personal level. Based on the Miller’s pyramid, I am at the â€Å"Shows† level as I am able to demonstrate the skill of planning a treatment plan for rectal tumours. I have yet to reach â€Å"Does† because I am still not efficient in treatment planning as I do still make mistakes such as over-shielding in the treatment plan for brain tumour. For each treatment plan, a competency-based assessment and verbal assessment were carried out to evaluate my performance. Firstly, I had to design a suitable treatment plan using Eclipseâ„ ¢ treatment planning software for a particular case that was selected by the senior radiation therapist. After which, I had to explain and convince her that my treatment plan has met the requirements and was suitable for the patient’s condition. She used a competency-based assessment checklist (Figure C) to evaluate my performance. A competency-based assessment is a collection of evidence to demonstrate that a learner can perform a task according to specific standards (Singapore Workforce Development Agency – Quality Assurance Division, 2012). The assessment outcome will allow the assessor to make judgment with respect to the competence or incompetence (Singapore Workforce Development Agency – Quality Assurance Division, 2012). Such method of assessment has been used for many years by the planning department to assess training staff on treatment planning where they have to apply their knowledge in designing a treatment plan and explaining the rationale as well as suitability for the particular patient in accordance to the hospital’s protocol and patient’s benefit. This is good as it involves an assessment of a combination of treatment planning knowledge, process skills and transferable skills (Singapore Workforce Development Agency – Quality Assurance Division, 2012). Apart fr om competency-based assessment, I also chose verbal assessment for this component because it allowed me to gather feedback directly from my senior radiation therapist on ways that she thinks could have been better and on how to improve my treatment plans. Learning from my mistakes allows me to learn and grow as I will avoid making similar mistakes in the future. Type of learner I learned faster with the help of the senior radiation therapist. At the start of each session, the senior radiation therapist will show and explain to me regarding treatment planning. After which, I was given hands-on opportunities to enhance my learning. Among the learning styles (Figure D), I learned better through visual, verbal and logical styles where the senior radiation therapist showed and explained to me the different components of treatment planning. I feel that explanations make better sense to me rather than just verbal instructions. As such, I found myself asking more to get a deeper understanding of the interface and usage of the software as well as knowledge in treatment planning. After each discussion with the senior radiation therapist, I prefer to work alone to digest all the information and try out the treatment planning on my own. Therefore, solitary learning style (Figure D) was more suitable for me rather than social, also known as group discussion. Self-reflection using Gibb’s Reflective Model (Figure E) Description feelings I was able to learn new skills and knowledge from the seniors. Throughout this learning process, I learned how to develop my own learning goals, identify my own learning styles and be responsible for my own learning. At the start of the process, I struggled a little bit as the amount of knowledge and things to learn was too overwhelming especially since I am not IT-savvy. However, the hands-on practices helped me build up my confidence each week. I feel that this newly learnt skill and knowledge are useful as it can be applied when I carry out the daily treatments and also when I am doing the new treatment card check. The knowledge can also be shared with my juniors and students on attachment. Evaluation analysis The main challenge during the learning process was time. I only had one day (8 hours) every week to go to the treatment planning department. There was no fixed schedule plan as certain skill or knowledge required more time to learn. The changes in my schedule plan were made as more time was needed than expected to learn the software at the start and also due to the lack of manpower in the department which denied me of learning opportunities. However, I did managed to complete learning the treatment plan for rectal cancer a week earlier. As such, the schedule plan will always be adjusted based on my needs and capabilities each week. Despite this, it is crucial for me to keep to a certain timeframe as delaying a learning objective for too long would mean that the whole learning process will be completed at a later period. Given more time, I would like to be given a chance to create my own checklist on treatment planning and refer to more references from the textbooks instead of relying on the hospital’s protocol and knowledge shared by the seniors. Conclusion action plan If I was given another opportunity, I would repeat the same process with similar action plan but with a more realistic set of timeline based on my learning speed and capabilities. I would also like to develop my note-taking skills and the method of evidencing my skills. 1

Project Management Essay -- Business, Team Development

1. Introduction In nowadays society, the using of project management is more and more common today. The entrepreneurs are more likely to employ staffs who have learnt project management. So that learning the skill of project management is more useful and also important now. Larson and Erik (2011) mention that good project manager are trained or come from experience, not born. For this reason, in this essay it will discuss the fit between some published theories on project management and personal practice as a result of my participation in the Fit as a Fiddle project. 2. Project human resource management 2.1 Team development A project team is a group of people who working together to accomplish the project objective. According to Larson and Erik (2006, p343), there are two way of synergy, positive synergy and negative synergy. â€Å"The essence of positive synergy can be found in the phrase, ‘the whole is greater than the sum of the parts.’ Conversely, negative synergy occurs when the whole is less than the sum of the parts.† For this reason to have an effective project team is significant for the project to success. Clear and Khan (2010, p62) mention that there are four stages of team development has defined by B. W. Tuckman, which is forming, storming, norming, and performing. Forming is the first stage of the team development process. It requires the team member to know their selves’ roles and position. Moreover the project manager has to provide direction and structure (Ibid). At this stage, in the first meeting of our team the team leader has given out the scope of the Fit as a Fiddle project. Afterwards started an initial plan has given out and at the end of the meeting set the task for next meeting. These just show ou... ...en take a project it must consider the risk, and it is an uncertain factor. It only can minimise by using a various tools. For the risk assessment, first produces a list of potential risks, then using scenario analysis to assess it (Larson and Erik, 2006, p211). Using the method at the fit as a fiddle project, our team have list 5 risks, and discussed the likelihood, Potential Impact and solutions. 7. Conclusion On the basis of the above discussion, there are a number of project management theories used in the fit as a fiddle project, and compared to my personal experience most of the theories are fit. However this is a virtual work only focus on the design part, and some of the result may not accurate. Although this may be true, through the work, I have enhanced the understanding of project management and gain the technique and experience of project management.