Wednesday, September 2, 2020

America Needs an Alternative to Prison :: Argument Argumentative

America Needs an Alternative to Prison America's penitentiaries have been designated graduate schools for wrongdoing. It makes sense: Take a gathering of individuals, strip them of assets and security, open them to consistent dangers of viciousness, stuff their phone square, deny them of significant work, and the outcome is a disenchanted underclass more expectation on settling the score with society than adding to it. Detainment facilities take the peaceful guilty party and make him live by viciousness. They take the peaceful wrongdoer and make him a solidified executioner. America needs to wake up and understand that the current structure of our punitive framework is flopping frightfully. The administration needs to devise better approaches to rebuff the liable, and still figure out how to keep American residents fulfilled that our jail framework is as yet compelling. Americans pay a lot for jails to flop so severely. Like all huge government arrangements, they are costly. Over the span of my investigations managing the criminal equity framework, I have discovered that the legislature spends roughly eighty-thousand dollars to manufacture one cell, and $28,000 every year to keep a detainee bolted up. That is about equivalent to the expense of sending an understudy to Harvard. On account of congestion, it is evaluated that more than ten-billion dollars in development is expected to make adequate space for simply the current jail populace. The plain truth is that the very idea of jail, regardless of how empathetic culture endeavors to make it, delivers a situation that is unavoidably obliterating to its occupants. Regardless of whether their discharge is deferred by longer sentences, those occupants definitely come back to harm the network, and we are paying as much as possible to make this conceivable. For what reason should citizens be compelled to pay adds up to keep peaceful crooks sitting in jail cells where they become harsh and bound to rehash their offenses when they are discharged? Rather, why not set them to work outside jail where they could take care of the survivors of their wrongdoings? The administration should start work programs; where the criminal is given a vocation and must give up their profit to the survivor of their wrongdoing until the psychological and physical harms of their casualties are gotten the job done. A court will decide how much cash the criminal should pay for his compensation costs, and what work the criminal should never really back that compensation. The most evident advantage of this methodology is that it deals with the person in question, the overlooked individual in the current framework.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Ban Fire Crackers

Diwali is praised with incredible force the whole way across the country. Blasting fireworks is a convention on Diwali. Diwali is otherwise called Deepavali in India. Sparklers! Simply the term makes euphoria and fervor in one’s psyche. The heart vacillates with rush and energy created by the sight those bright showers and shimmers from the firecrackers in the sky. In any case, is it about fun? Have you at any point considered what number of hurtful impacts and drawbacks do these firecrackers make for the earth?. It is yours, theirs and everyone’s obligation to deal with the earth, individual people and other living creatures. You may ask why and how.You might be making some extraordinary memories celebrating and getting a charge out of, blasting those clamorous firecrackers. Be that as it may, it need not be the equivalent for the others around you! Shouldn't something be said about your neighbors? Your neighbor could be wiped out, or many may have a significant arrang ement the following day. He/she could likewise be having a test or a test the following morning and they may require some rest. Consuming sparklers late around evening time at odd hours upsets everybody living in that network and upset their rest and make them less moved in their next day.Firecrackers produce elevated level of sound and the vibrations can go over a significant distance. These are some of the time more than 140 decibels! A human ear can shoulder a limit of 85 decibels. Sounds over this breaking point make handicap in hearing and makes lasting harm the ears. Sparklers when consumed discharge a lot of exceptionally small harmful particles that can undoubtedly enter our lungs and harm the respiratory framework. The smoke from fireworks contain sulfur mixes, overwhelming metals and other poisonous synthetic compounds and hurtful exhaust of gases, for example, sulfur dioxide, ozone and so on,. Individuals with asthma, numerous compound affectability and other breathing is sues endure to a great extent because of the poisonous outflows from these fireworks.Crackers are unnoticeably influencing we all. We ought to comprehend what it’s doing and how it’ll undermine our very presence in future. Governments should pay attention to it very and should:†¢ban the creation of wafers †¢enforce laws on its creation, deals, use, and commercial †¢popularize the possibility of not utilizing saltines among publicThere’re a great deal of reasons for an unnatural weather change and contamination. The various sources are significant for our living in spite of their evil impacts. Yet, wafer is literally nothing more than trash. Be brilliant, be edified, utilize your insight, don’t stress over what others think, don’t care about society, and DON’T USE CRACKER.Let every single one of us promise this Diwali to disapprove of fireworks and put resources into a more secure and greener future. Diwali is the celebration o f lights and we should edify our lives with the radiance of satisfaction and generosity, overlook past complaints and look forward towards a more splendid and more joyful future.

Friday, August 21, 2020

Personal finance proposal Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Individual fund - Research Proposal Example Should the item by any possibility meet or surpass customer desires, a rehash is likely as the boost is fortified. In actuality, disappointment of the item to meet client desires it has dropped and at long last, just valuable items bought which goes far in producing benefits for the organization. Albeit social standards are taken a gander at with an unobtrusive investigate showcasing rehearses, positive inputs are probably going to be strengthened not normal for negative ones (Michael and William, 1981) For our examination purposes, we will concentrate on significant distance learning whereby an understudy is compelled to get to virtual endless supply of a charge. Research demonstrates that most customers will in general need individual mindfulness on what item and administrations they need, it is, along these lines, basic for an association to help find what they need. This is the place the Happy comes close by profiling the consumption of purchasers and look forward on how they can meet and surpass shopper need and needs (Lynch, Zimmer and Mccloskey, and N.D) Thaler H.R and Sunstein R.C (2011)â where is conduct financial matters headed in the realm of showcasing?

Tuesday, May 26, 2020

GRE Score Essay Sample - Essay Writing Tips

GRE Score Essay Sample - Essay Writing TipsIf you are a high school student, you can begin to think about your college application with the help of GRE scores for your essays. This means that you can begin to think about what types of questions you should answer for each section of your essay. It will make it a lot easier for you to remember the points you are making in each section and how to relate them to one another.There are two types of essay samples that are available for you to use. One is the sample that you are going to find in your application when you fill out the 'Application for Admission' form. These are formatted with a variety of essay topics and questions that all revolve around your particular field of study. In this way, you are able to see just how easy it is to complete an essay.You will also be given a score at the end of each essay topic. The point that you need to remember about this score is that it will only go up if you do well with it. It may not seem lik e a big deal at first but if you look at the average of these essays, you will begin to realize that your score is probably high enough to get you accepted into the college that you want to attend. With that being said, there are some things that you will need to know before you write an essay.The first thing that you need to know is that writing is much more difficult than it might seem. The reason why this is the case is because in order to really understand the language, you need to find out what the meaning of the words are. A lot of the times, they may sound too common to understand at first. By knowing what the meanings of words are, you can properly write them down. Also, if you have difficulties writing, you can ask for help.There are two things that are found in the GRE essay samples that are made available. One is the learning test. These tests are generally based on real life situations that you might have encountered during the past few years. They also take into account your overall academic performance in each subject that you are taking. This is why it is best to choose these options if you are doing a survey about your life.The second one that you need to know is that the higher your score, the easier it will be for you to write. With that being said, the best way to do this is to really be conscious of your general grammar. Do not forget to be consistent when using grammar and spelling mistakes. Make sure that you are able to research and find the appropriate way to answer a question. When it comes to answering questions, you will need to be able to put a few facts together and make it easy for people to see why you are right or why you are wrong.By completing a few GRE essays, you can actually improve your score and get accepted into the college of your choice. You will also see that it is much easier to do so and it will give you confidence when it comes to writing the rest of your college essay. With all of these things, it is time to start thinking about how you can really use your GRE score for your advantage.

Saturday, May 16, 2020

Leadership Reseach Proposal For Leadership - 1401 Words

Leadership reseach proposal for leadership project Personal Profile (750 words) According to McPheat (2010), the main style of the leader is democratic. Democratic leader is who values the team’s ideas and looks for own input in decision-making. Furthermore, this style is tending to motivate members to do their best work (Cunningham, Salomone Wiegus, 2015). However, even though democratic style values team’s ideas and decision making, leader will have to think about the decision for a long time that might be a disadvantage. The core beliefs and values is being a leader means taking full responsibilities of what the group is doing and in charge of the group. To be able to do this, the leader who is leading the group for the first time needs to learn effective way to become a great leader. As well as guiding them to produce creative ideas or new plans for the work to make it successful. Additionally, leader need to have aims and goals set to achieve during team work, try best to influence the group members, motivate members by assigning them to dif ferent variety tasks, instead of making them do same tasks that will make their motivation go down, show own skills to the members so leadership can be proved and gain more trust. However, a leader must overcome some barriers. First, cultural differences. As for this, leader must overcome cultural difference, as not all members are from same culture; it means that their acts of behaviours and opinions will differ and often willShow MoreRelatedPest Analysis of Cambodia22548 Words   |  91 Pagesprojects conducted by RUPP faculty are donor-commissioned research. Some funds also ï ¬â€šow from international projects involving overseas universities and agencies. Faculty-initiated or â€Å"homegrown† projects have been minimal. g. Consolidating academic leadership and administrative management: Funding should not be seen as the most signiï ¬ cant factor or the â€Å"magic bullet† in strengthening research capacity. Although budget allocation is a function of the priorit y placed on research by university leaders andRead MoreThe Kashmir Conflict-The Importance to India and Pakistan4484 Words   |  18 Pagespolitical dynamic for India and Pakistan. These matter only given a hidden benefit in their hidden agenda. We will discuss further on this issue. As far as India concern, the transformation of the political order from the extraordinary political leadership of Mohandas Gandhi, the Indian National Congress was transformed from an upper-middle-class, Anglicized organization into a broad-based mass political party. After independence, several factors strengthened and expanded on Gandhis legacy. But stillRead MoreHow to Increase ancillary Service Revenue of easyJet6260 Words   |  26 Pages . . . . . . . . 14 Figure 4.0 - Quantitative Data Analysis Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Figure 5.0 - Data Quality Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 THE PROPOSAL An Investigation into Easy Jet airlines customer satisfaction, as a result of their strategic low cost carrier business model, of implementing budget pricing and ancillary services to increase profitability and market competitiveness. Read MoreMarketing Management130471 Words   |  522 Pagesbusiness. In the wake of Raja Ram Mohan Roy s movement against women s subjugation to men and British influence on Indian culture and civilization the position of women had once again undergone a change. However, it was only under the enlightened leadership of Mahatma Gandhi that they re-asserted their equality with men. In response to the call of Gandhi they discarded their veil and came out of the four walls of their houses to fight the battle of freedom shoulder to shoulder with their brothers.

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Code of Ethics Essay - 1711 Words

A code of ethics is a set of written principles regarding conduct and behavior created by the organization to serve as a guide. The purpose of ethical codes is to give its employees, management, and any interested party a reference point that adheres to company policy, standards, and ethical beliefs. The code is made visible to the public to ensure professional integrity, quality, and to prevent misguided conduct. Regardless of the organization or governing body a code serves as a go-to guide because ethical issues can stem from anywhere at any given time. The Code of Ethics for Nurses is so dynamic because as technology changes, so does the code to ensure that updated knowledge is provided to healthcare workers as they address new ethical†¦show more content†¦29). The ethical dilemma regarding autonomy is what if the person is unresponsive and unable to voice their decision? Garrett, Baillie, and Garrett p. 30 answers this concern by saying that persons do not lose dignity because they are unconscious, in a coma, or out of contact with reality and that treating that person with dignity should still be in effect. Autonomy applies to the profession of nursing because the patient should always be allowed to make decisions regarding their care while being treated with respect and dignity; however, autonomy can serve as a limiting agent when the patient decides to refuse care that would be of benefit to them. Autonomy is a sensitive issue because it allows the patient to choose to die and all health care can do from that point is allow the patient to do so comfortably. With healthcare always being one step ahead, it allows a surrogate to serve as a voice piece for that patient when they are unable to make decisions. However, that surrogate can end up making decisions they think is best for the patient ignoring the patients’ will. The responsibility of the nurse and interdisciplinary team is to inform and educate the patient and patient’s surrogate on all aspects of care to include medical diagnosis, treatment, and care plan so that the patient andShow MoreRelatedInternational Widge ts : Code Of Ethics1019 Words   |  5 Pagescompany’s management and it is also going contrary to the company’s codes of ethics. The International Widgets has formulated a list of its code of ethics that govern the operation of the company. A summary of the International Widgets’ Code of Ethics is as follows: Confidentiality: the company is committed to maintaining a high degree of integrity in its dealings with its potential, current, as well as its past clients. 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This code is important for our employees, customers, shareholders and partners. This code explains and summarizes our stander that protects the company s reputability and its business from any risk. Moreover, it shows how we deal with our partners. We believe that our success depends on the actions of our members and partners. Because of that, we are committed to make sure that everyone in our company is compliance with this Code and other law. †¢ Binding scope. This Code of Ethics is written

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Global Business Strategy for Multinational

Question: Discuss about the Global Business Strategy for Multinational. Answer: Introduction It is important for any organisation to analyse the risk of entering and carrying operations in a foreign country before expanding its business over the international market. The analysis of risk and challenges helps to plan strategies that can be used to enter a new market beyond the geographical boundaries of the domestic market (Wrona and TrƦpczyÅ„ski, 2012). Currently, the increased intervention of the government and changing policies in the pharmaceutical industry makes it difficult for any organisation operating in this industry to carry on its business (Hanefeld, 2012). On the other hand, pharmaceutical industry is growing at a high pace across the globe that makes it essential for any domestic business to expand its business in the overseas market. The paper has been developed to conduct an analysis of risk and challenge of two potential overseas markets namely South Africa and China for Herron Pharmaceuticals Pty Ltd. The study focuses on evaluating four risk factors such as commercial risks, financial risks, country risks and cross-cultural risks to choose the most suitable market for the company to expand its business. Furthermore, a proper justification has been provided on the choice of the best overseas market for the company. The paper also presents the market entry mode or strategy that must be used by the Herron Pharmaceuticals Pty Ltd to begin with its global operations. Background to the Company Herron Pharmaceuticals Pty Ltd is one of the most famous Australian pharmaceutical products manufacturing companies, was established by Euan and Kaye Murdoch in the year 1972. The pharmaceuticals product manufacturing firm was originally set up from Herron Industries that is owned by Perrigo in the current business scenario (Herron.com.au, 2016). Herron Pharmaceuticals Pty Ltd has featured a vast range of pharmaceutical products that is a lot more comfortable for the target demographics in Australia. The pharmaceutical products such as paracetamol and Ibuprofen combination medical drugs can be identified as the best achievements for the organisation. Largely depending on the Research and Development (RD) team of the group, Herron Pharmaceuticals Pty Ltd has marketed joint pain relief formulation such as OsetoEze and an entire range of vitamin formulated medicines specifically directed towards kids. Since, the handover of the pharmaceutical corporation to Mr Murdoch in 1982, the organ isation has never looked back (Herron.com.au, 2016). At the present scenario, the organisation has been identified as one of the giants of Australian biotech and pharmaceutical industry headquartered in Brisbane, Australia. As one of the largest manufacturers and distributors of Australian pharmaceutical industry, Herron Pharmaceuticals Pty Ltd deals in medication and treatment for arthritis, cholesterol, prostate insomnia, constipation, acne and other general health issues in the Australian market. The RD team of the pharmaceutical product manufacturing firm has activity working on new drug patents promoting the healthy life of the target demographics (Perri, Scalera and Mudambi, 2015). Notably, Herron Pharmaceuticals Pty Ltd is a subsidiary of Sigma Pharmaceuticals. Meanwhile, the Australian pharmaceutical firm wants to be globalised to serve the people of other countries as well. Analysis of Risks and Challenges In the case of the globalisation of Herron Pharmaceuticals Pty Ltd, four essential risk factors such as commercial risks, financial risks, country risks and cross-cultural risks of the two identified possible target markets must have been discussed to justify the selection of the right target market. Meanwhile, in the underlying section, a discussion of the identified risks and challenges in South African and China pharmaceuticals market has been drawn. Risks and Challenges in South Africa South Africa is identified as the most crucial market for any pharmaceutical organisation in the African Continent. An analysis of the four identified risks and challenges of the South African context has been briefed herein. Commercial Risks: South Africa is a potential market for pharmaceutical organisation because of lower number of competitors in the market. It is the largest pharmaceutical market in the African Continent. It can be seen through the statistical reports that the pharmaceutical sale in the year 2015 in South Africa is around $3.4 billion. It is estimated the sales figure will grow up to $3.84 billion by the end of 2020 that will make 1.17 percent of the total GDP of the nation (Overcoming barriers to medicines production through South-South co-operation in Africa, 2013). It can be seen through market research that the current market leaders operating in South African lacks adequate funding which acts as a great opportunity for Herron Pharmaceuticals Pty Ltd to expand its business in South Africa (Ziervogel, Archer van Garderen and Price, 2016). Hence, the absence of high level of competition provides a better opportunity to grow pharmaceutical business in the country. Currency (Financial) Risks: The variation in the valuation of currency is an important factor that increases the risk of business in the international market. The current market valuation shows that one Australian Dollar is equal to 10.51 South African Rand. Hence, investing $10 million in South African market will provide the business with a valuation of 105.1 million ZAR (Majumdar, 2015). Hence, a fluctuation in the currency value of South Africa will not impact the Australian investment on a high level. In other words, the financial risk reduces due to the high variation of values of currency between the two countries. Australia is on a higher side in term of valuation of currency, which reduces the financial risk for Herron Pharmaceuticals Pty Ltd. Country Risks: The labour market of South Africa is at its weakest point with 26.7 percent unemployment rate. Hence, the number of unemployment population provides the company with an opportunity to hire employees at low salary scale. On the other hand, the spending of people on healthcare has increased to $28.18 billion which is expected to increase more in the upcoming future. South African can be identified as a potential market in terms of economic prospects (Rodriguez-Monguio and Seoane-Vazquez, 2014). But, considering the political instability in the country, the risk level increases for Herron Pharmaceuticals Pty Ltd because of the chances in changes of political power in the country (Swilling, 2014). It is expected the changes of political power will impact the business policies that may negatively impact the pharmaceutical industry of South Africa. Cross-Cultural Risks: South Africa is a mixed cultural country that has different official languages spoken by the people belonging to different regions. Hence, the communication gap may be a potential risk for the company. But, the influence of English people over the Africans in major business regions mitigates the level of risk that arises from difference in culture. Risks and Challenges in China An analysis of the four identified risks and challenges of the Chinese context has been briefed herein. Commercial Risks: Though the Chinese drug market is a massive industry, the generics have expected to dominate the market. According to the data sources, the generic drugs revenue is increasing in a staggered pattern to RMB 614.8 billion since 2007-2015. Moreover, the domestic pharmaceutical firms have relied upon innovation patenting drugs at a significant pace (The next phase: Opportunities in China's pharmaceuticals market, 2011). Therefore, Herron Pharmaceuticals Pty Ltd may find it tough to compete in the Chinese market. Also, the pricing of generics is significantly low showing the RD capabilities and government spending to the public. Hence, in near term, there are significant commercial risks attached to marketing pharmaceutical products of Herron Pharmaceuticals Pty Ltd in the China market (Luthans, Doh and Hodgetts, 2012). Currency (Financial) Risks: Understandably, the structural differences of currency can be one of the major factors in determining prices of drugs in the Chinese market. Apparently, the China pharmaceutical industry is full of domestic drug manufacturers and distributors. As a result of the competitive market scenario, at the initial phase, Herron Pharmaceuticals Pty Ltd may have to suffer massive losses leading to undefined financial risks in near terms if the management selects China as the target market (Jiang, Wang and Yan, 2011). Also, the cost of licensing of pharmaceutical products and distribution will be significantly higher in China leading to further financial challenges. Country Risks: The National Drug Distribution system and government reforms can be identified as the major country based risks in the Chinese market. As the Chinese pharmaceutical industry is a well-developed market already, there are fewer chances to expand for a new organisation (Yin, 2011). First, of the all, the top three domestic pharmaceutical commerce organisations such as Guangdong Jiuzhoutong Pharmaceutical, Sinopharm Group, and Shanghai Pharmaceutical have occupied 20 percent of market share of the industry showing the tough fight among the competitors in the domestic market (Ahn, 2010). Also, the government drug reforms and health reforms promote generics at the high level that can be considered as one of the negative factors for Herron Pharmaceuticals Pty Ltd operations management in China. Cross-cultural Risks: Cross-cultural differences among the Australian and Chinese population can be recognised as another vital risk in operations management (Reuvid, 2008). The language, marketing concepts, business standards and etiquette have been somewhat distinct in Australia and China. Hence, Herron Pharmaceuticals Pty Ltds management can find it difficult to manage the workforce and executives in the Chinese market. Analysis and Justification for selecting South Africa The above analysis of risk and challenges in both the nations shows that South Africa is a better market for Herron Pharmaceuticals Pty Ltd to expand its business as compared to the Chinese market. South Africa is a developing nation with a higher potential to grow economically. Furthermore, the level of unemployment in the nation provides Herron Pharmaceuticals Pty Ltd with employees at lower price (Buckley and Ghauri, 2015). Hence, the recurring cost of the company reduces, if it decides to expand its business in the African market. Furthermore, the people of South Africa are friendlier to English people because of the presence of English origin people in the country. Hence, Herron Pharmaceuticals Pty Ltd will receive a better welcome from the South African population as compared to the Chinese market. Considering the economic factors of the South African market for the pharmaceutical industry, it can be seen that South Africa is a growing market for pharmaceutical products. The increasing spending on health and low level of competition provides a better opportunity in the South African market (Anderson, 2010). On the other hand, Chinese people mainly use organic products in more quantity as compared to artificially made medicines. Along with that, South Africa has a well established pharmaceutical manufacturing industry that is supported with foreign investment. Hence, Herron Pharmaceuticals Pty Ltd can easily enter the South African market using joint venture or directly owned subsidiary mode (Review Editor, 2012). The per capita spending of Africans on health products is higher than the Chinese that provides an attractive operating environment in the South African market. Along with that, the level of currency risk is also lower in the case of South African market as compared to the Chinese market that makes South Africa a more suitable market for Herron Pharmaceuticals Pty Ltd to expand its business in the overseas market. The proposed entry mode/strategy for South Africa On the basis of South Africas social, demographic and economic context, Herron Pharmaceuticals Pty Ltd has selected the pharmaceuticals industry of the country for globalisation perspective. Being one of the developed economies to a certain level, healthcare expenditure and government spending has surged in South Africa (Kyle, 2007). Understandably, Herron Pharmaceuticals Pty Ltd management need to identify the most sustainable entry mode to explore the pharmaceuticals market of the target economy. Based on capitalisation, collaborative entry strategy will be more acceptable than individual effort in order to penetrate the developing pharmaceuticals market in South Africa (Vogel, 2012). By identifying the market opportunities, target demographics profile, healthcare regulations and pharmaceuticals regulations in South Africa, joint ventures with domestic pharmaceutical product manufacturers and distributors operate in South African market can be considered as the best entry mode for Herron Pharmaceuticals Pty Ltd. In this way, Herron Pharmaceuticals Pty Ltd management can have a better understanding of the aggregated market demand of the pharmaceutical products offered to the target demographics (Biggadike, 2009). Meanwhile, such collaborative efforts with the leading pharmaceutical companies operating in the target market can provide significant distribution and marketing channels for Herron Pharmaceuticals Pty Ltd. Evidently, the value chain of the domestic Pharma companies can be utilised by the management to evaluate the untapped potential at the highest standards. By introducing distinct distribution agreements with leading South African pharmaceutical companies such as Meda Pharma South Africa Pty Ltd, JSE Limited, and Roche Products Pty Ltd, Herron Pharmaceuticals Pty Ltd of Australia can lead to extensive market penetration (Viviers et al., 2014). Moreover, the affirmative business relationship standards with the domestic companies can provide a better market understanding so that low-priced drugs can be distributed within the system. Decisively, the joint venture with domestic companies can be helpful to understand the healthcare reforms, drug regulations, IPR protection laws, tax exemption to the foreign organisation in a better process (Biggadike, 2016). Moreover, Herron Pharmaceuticals Pty Ltds RD team can work according to the demand confront of the target market patenting new drugs effective for the target demographics. The rising healthcare consciousness and improving marketing structure in the target market can be defined according to the standards of the South African market. Herein, the joint venture and certain distribution agreements of drugs with the famous local brands can be effectively utilised by Herron Pharmaceuticals Pty Ltd to minimise the cost of marketing and product distribution (Javalgi and Wright, 2013). Also, the cost of inventory and purchasing system can be controlled in a significant order using the inventory system of the domestic corporations. Conclusion The contemporary business scenario of Herron Pharmaceuticals Pty Ltd has promoted the essence of globalisation for significant profitability. The functions and capital structure of the organisation have also supported the decision of the management to spread the business to another foreign market. Through the identification of the existing business environment of the Chinese and South African pharmaceutical industries, it can be said that the South African market will be so much valid for better business regimes of the firm. Moreover, in order explore the business in the target market joint venture entry mode and significant distribution agreements with local pharmaceutical companies will be adequate for improved market penetration. Such decisive decision-making can reduce the cost of management and marketing. Additionally, the joint venture tactics will share the four identified risks so that the risks will be managed in an efficient way. Furthermore, the operational management of H erron Pharmaceuticals Pty Ltd in the target market will be equally supported by the market experience of the domestic firms promoting sustainable business growth model. References Ahn, M. (2010). Developing a Profitable Market Share Strategy for Multinational Pharmaceutical Companies in China.Journal of Pharmaceutical Marketing Management, 13(3), pp.1-29. Anderson, T. (2010). Tide turns for drug manufacturing in Africa.The Lancet, 375(9726), pp.1597-1598. Biggadike, E. (2009).Corporate diversification. Boston: Division of Research, Graduate School of Business Administration, Harvard University. Biggadike, E. (2016).Entry, strategy and performance. Buckley, P. and Ghauri, P. (2015).International business strategy. Hanefeld, J. (2012). Patent rights vs patient rights: intellectual property, pharmaceutical companies and access to treatment for people living with HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa.Fem Rev, 72(1), pp.84-92. Herron.com.au. (2016).Paracetamol, Vitamin Supplements More | About Herron | Herron Pharmaceuticals. [online] Available at: https://www.herron.com.au/about-us [Accessed 2 Sep. 2016]. Javalgi, R. and Wright, R. (2013). An international market entry model for pharmaceutical companies: A conceptual framework for strategic decisions.Journal of Medical Marketing, 3(4), pp.274-286. Jiang, Y., Wang, Y. and Yan, X. (2011). Chinese pharmaceutical companies: an emerging industry.Drug Discovery Today, 6(12), pp.610-612. Kyle, M. (2007). Pharmaceutical Price Controls and Entry Strategies.Review of Economics and Statistics, 89(1), pp.88-99. Luthans, F., Doh, J. and Hodgetts, R. (2012).International management. New York: McGraw-Hill. Majumdar, R. (2015). Entry Strategy of the Indian Pharmaceutical Companies in Africa, CIS and the Middle East.SSRN Electronic Journal. Overcoming barriers to medicines production through South-South co-operation in Africa. (2013).Supporting Strategic Leadership in Global Health Diplomacy in ECSA, 34, pp.1-4. Perri, A., Scalera, V. and Mudambi, R. (2015). Exploring the International Connectivity of Chinese Inventors in the Pharmaceutical Industry.SSRN Electronic Journal. Reuvid, J. (2008).Business insights, China. London: Kogan Page. Review Editor, B. (2012). US Licensing Strategy of Small and Mid-Sized European Pharmaceutical Companies.PharmaDeals Review, 2002(27). Rodriguez-Monguio, R. and Seoane-Vazquez, E. (2014). Pharmaceutical Companies Pricing Strategies After Generic Entry Into The New Zealand Market.Value in Health, 17(3), pp.A13-A14. Swilling, M. (2014). Rethinking the sciencepolicy interface in South Africa: Experiments in knowledge co-production.SAJS, 110(5/6), pp.1-7. The next phase: Opportunities in China's pharmaceuticals market. (2011).National Industry Program. Viviers, W., Lubbe, M., Steenkamp, E. and Olivier, D. (2014). The Identification Of Realistic Export Opportunities For The South African Pharmaceutical Industry.International Business Economics Research Journal (IBER), 13(2), p.231. Vogel, R. (2012). Pharmaceutical patents and price controls.Clinical Therapeutics, 24(7), pp.1204-1222. Wrona, T. and TrƦpczyÅ„ski, P. (2012). Re-explaining international entry modes Interaction and moderating effects on entry modes of pharmaceutical companies into transition economies.European Management Journal, 30(4), pp.295-315. Yin, H. (2011). Merger and Acquisition Activity in the Chinese Pharmaceutical Industry.JMCP, 7(2), pp.166-167. Ziervogel, G., Archer van Garderen, E. and Price, P. (2016). Strengthening the knowledge-policy interface through co-production of a climate adaptation plan: leveraging opportunities in Bergrivier Municipality, South Africa.Environment and Urbanization.

Wednesday, April 15, 2020

Edward Scissorhands and Frankenstein Essay Example

Edward Scissorhands and Frankenstein Paper A sense of belonging or non-belonging into society greatly influences an individual’s identity. Change in self happens when belonging is grasped through meaningful and intimate relationships, with senses of connectivity, community, shelter and familiarity. The graphic novel interpretation of Frankenstein composed by Gris Grimly, and the dramatic fairytale/horror film, Edward Scissor hands, directed, and created by Tim Burton, both explore concepts relating to belonging and identity. Finding one’s niche within society draws attention to effects that outer environments impose on an individual, which in turn helps to shape the values, and outlook possessed, on oneself, as well as the perception held by others. Furthermore, the effects of lack of love and contact due to isolation and abandonment arise from the genesis of how one can be morphed and affected by lack of contact from the outside world, as well as with others. Strong use of visual techniques intertwined with literary devices makes for a succinct focus on changing identity, distinctly based around the nous of belonging. We will write a custom essay sample on Edward Scissorhands and Frankenstein specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Edward Scissorhands and Frankenstein specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Edward Scissorhands and Frankenstein specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Both visual pieces discuss, and exhibit that identity is, and can be impacted as well as shaped by family. The idea of a role model that provides a support network and lead for a developing individual. Both the creature (Frankenstein), and Edward (Edward Scissor Hands) are left isolated and abandoned to fend against the world alone. Vulnerability, lack of knowledge and privation of normality leaves both susceptible to the dangers of the outside world. The embryo, fetal position of the monster, situated inside a sack resembling a womb signifies the helplessness of the creature. He is like a new born child unsure, uneducated and exposed to the harshness of society. Additionally the nervous, and disturbed face of Victor Frankenstein surrounding in fading black colors post the ‘birth’ of the creature, coincides with the panels depicting Frankenstein runni

Thursday, March 12, 2020

The Lambda Protocol Physics Investigation Essays

The Lambda Protocol Physics Investigation Essays The Lambda Protocol Physics Investigation Essay The Lambda Protocol Physics Investigation Essay This experiment is designed to produce ? -DNA bound in gel to fragment according to the restriction enzyme used to cut it up and to the sizes of these subsequent fragments. The aim of this experiment is to produce a -DNA fragmentation, which will be of known sizes because the entirety of the -DNA genome has been mapped. So running -DNA alongside other DNA will allow the size of the other DNA to be found. Prediction: As in the experiment there are restriction enzymes being used on the -DNA, and then running it in gel electrophoresis, to separate the varying size  -DNA fragments, then it is possible to estimate the results. The DNA, after gel electrophoresis will form bands and smears. The smears are where there are many fragments of ? -DNA of a wide range of sizes, and bands are numerous DNA fragments of similar size. Subsequently, as the entirety of the ? -DNA genome has been mapped, and the restriction enzymes used have had their recognition sites identified, then the fragmentation of the ? -DNA can be predicted. Fragmentation of -DNA using R. E. s (Restriction-Enzymes) EcoR1, BamH1 and HindIII So, from this, the bands and smears that appear could be predicted. It would also be reasonable to show that the column with no restriction enzymes present would have no fragmentation of the ? -DNA, as the ? -DNA would not be broken down. For EcoRI: There will be one band near the start (21 226 base pairs fragment) as it is the biggest and so will travel the shortest in the gel electrophoresis. There will be another band about 2-3 times as far as the first, which is the 7 421 base pair fragment. Im reasoning it will be about 2-3 times as far because it is around a third of the size. Next, there will be either one smear or several fragments depending on how far the remaining fragments have moved. As they are all similar in size then they may form an indivisible smear, which has all the DNA fragments in close proximity. If the fragments move quick enough in the gel electrophoresis, and are left for long enough, then the fragments will become further apart and may form individual definable bands. For BamHI: The fragment 16 841 b. p. will form one band near the wells. There may be one band of 7 233b. p but this may have not travelled far enough to be distinguishable from the subsequent fragments as it is similar in size to 6 527 and 6 770. There will be 2 bands, 6 527 b. p. with 6 770 b. p and of 5 505 b. p. with 5 626 b. p. These may however form one smear, as they are similar in size. For HindIII: There will be one band near the start, closest than any fragments of the other wells of the (23 130 b. p. ). There will be one band about over twice as far out (9,416). Then one band of 6 557 b. p. , which may contain fragment 4 361b. p. as a smear, then one band of 2 027 and 2 322 base pairs. This band may smear with the previous smear. There will be a small band much further out compared to the rest of the fragments and the other wells consisting of fragments of 564 and 125 base pairs. This is because they are the smallest and so will travel the furthest. For BamHI there were 3 bands formed, 2,11 and 13mm. This is reasonable because there was one large fragment, 16 841 b. p. (the 2mm distance) and then 2 other bands, which are likely to be the 6 527 with 6 770 (b. p. ) (with 7 233) and the other with 5 626 and 5 505 (b. p. ) For HindIII 4 fragments formed, 4,6,9,11 (mm). There are, however 5-6 distinguishable bands shown by the ? -DNA-restriction enzyme chart. The missing band could be explained by: the smallest fragments, 564 125 (b. p. ), not showing up on the staining because they are too small. Or the biggest fragment (23 130), which is also the biggest fragment out of all the ? -DNA fragmentations (with the different R. Es) may not have been distinguishable from the well itself. Given by the smallest distance was 4mm from the well and as this is the biggest fragment; comparing to the similar size, but smaller EcoRI fragment (21 226 b. p. ) travelling 3 mm, it would say that it was this that did not move enough from the well to be identified separately from the well. Assuming this is the cause, and then the remaining fragments are not unexpected. 4mm is the 9 416 (b. p. ) fragment, the 6 557 b. p. being the 6mm fragment. The remaining 9mm and 11mm are the 2 027 with 2 322 (b. p. ) fragments and the 564, with 125 b. p. fragments respectively. The results for the no restriction enzyme column were more than the prediction stated. There were four bands identified but this should have been 1 band that did not move far at all. This is because as there were no restriction enzymes present then the -DNA was not broken up. This left the entire 48 502 b. p. sequence of the -DNA genome, which should not have moved far, and not into 4 fragments. From these results, the experiment was pretty accurate, comparing to the prediction. There were no unexpected results, except one of the fragments disappearing in HindIII, but, as stated, was probably due to it being undistinguished from the well, the source. Evaluation: Comparing to the prediction of what should happen, the experiment was successful. A possibly way of augmenting the experiment is leaving the current on for longer when letting the. -DNA run in the gel electrophoresis tank. This would allow greater seperation between the bands to allow closer examination of the separate fragments. Increasing the voltage may prove to be damaging, as it may break down the DNA. The results that were not according to the prediction were the no enzyme column. The prediction said that there should be no fragments and that the single fragment (ie. The entire genome) should have moved very little. The possibly causes of this was the DNA was damaged in the handling or that the tube was contaminated at some stage.

Tuesday, February 25, 2020

Reserach Proposal (Oceanography) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Reserach Proposal (Oceanography) - Essay Example The approach adopted will first to assemble comprehensive test-bed observational data sets for both local coastal zones and for the entire North Sea, thence, to develop generic models for tide, surge, wave, turbulence and suspended particulate matter (SPM) simulations. The final stage will involve evaluation of these generic models in simulations against the test-bed data sets. The specific developments might be contrasted with the wider vision for advances in Operational Oceanography presented by Woods et al. (pp. 25) and an accompanying implementation strategy by Prandle and Flemming (pp. 33). As perhaps the first ever attempt to report the wide-ranging, inter-related aspects of developing Operational Forecasting systems, this special issue will constitutes a definable initial milestone. Paper authors will encourage providing a balance between the customary concentration on state-of-the-art progress alongside clear statements of long-standing underlying difficulties. The range of information, including references ranging from latest publications back to the original primary papers, over a wide but coherent field should enable readers to gain a balanced perspective of this topic. The development of generic modules and the ready availability of public domain model codes will be removed much of the mystique that traditionally surrounded marine modeling. The diversity of marine systems will make it unlikely that a single integrated model will evolve as for weather forecasting. However, rationalization of modules within modeling systems will be a recognized goal, together with standardization of prescribed inputs such as bathymetry, tidal boundary conditions, etc. Such enhanced rationalization will enable the essential characteristics of various types of models to be elucidated including the inherent limits to predictability. The WAM wave modeling community will have an outstanding

Sunday, February 9, 2020

Leadership Development Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 10500 words

Leadership Development - Dissertation Example Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1. Purpose of the study "Leadership development needs organization managers," Whilst in the past, as our research shows, most observers and experts had tended to view Leadership, and leadership development, as an independent area of consideration within the corporate structure, over the past two decades it has been increasingly seen to be an integral part of the total organization management system itself. Consequently, research often links the two areas together. There are an abundance of studies and research documents confirming this fact. These include that of Zaleznick (1977), who defined the leader as the person who brings about change, with the manager being the controller of those changes. Kotter (1990, p. 103) projected the view that "management is about coping with complexity. Leadership, by contrast is about coping with change". The purpose of this report is to examine the validity of the hypothesis. 1.2. Specific Objective This central objective of this report is to examine the opening hypothesis in order to arrive at a conclusion as to its validity and importance. 1.3. Delimitations For the purpose of this report, we have limited our study to the subject as it relates to a commercial organization, in preference to organizations in the public or charitable sector, although in reality the same principles would form the basis for measuring the successful future growth pattern for all of these structures. 1.4. Significance Our study covers the current thinking and research in respect of the leadership developments and its application in the corporate environment, including an analysis its importance and relevance. At the same time, we have reviewed and studied the research available regarding the... The literature will reveal how changes have occurred between these three elements, with the initial concept of management, which has been around since the early part of last century, is seen as the driving force behind the business. Later management was to lose its significance, giving way to the relatively new concept of leadership, with this taking a prominence in the thoughts of corporations and researchers alike. We will see how the views of business analysts and researchers for a period separated leadership and leadership development from management and conducted studies of these in these areas as almost diverse entities, emphasizing the differences between the two. For example, the School of Engineering and Electronics at the University of Edinburgh (1997), in their study on the subject, concluded that – â€Å"Managing and leading are two different ways of organizing people. The manager uses a formal, rational method whilst the leader uses passion and stirs emotions.† Dr. Paul Harborne (2001) and Stormy Friday (2002) within their respective papers also emphasized differences that exist between these conceptions, stressing the importance that this represented in business terms. However, more research has moved away from these theories, suggesting now that in fact, there is an interrelationship between the leadership and management, and that a competitive and successful business is best achieved in an environment where leadership development and the organization's managers work in partnership.

Thursday, January 30, 2020

Memoir of American Sniper Essay Example for Free

Memoir of American Sniper Essay Growing up in a small southern town, Kyle always loved the thrill of hunting, the adrenaline of a rodeo and the adventures of cowboys. Little did he know that his career would include each of these elements. Through his four tours of duty, Kyle served in many major battles of the Iraqi war and ranked over 160 confirmed kills. His first kill came in late March 2003. His Seal Team was tasked to assist the marines as they marched toward Baghdad. Set up on the roof of a run down building, he observed through his scope a woman yank a Chinese grenade from beneath her clothes. As ordered to, he opened fire and consequently saved several Americans’ lives. Over time he increased his accuracy and lethality. One day, he spotted a group of three insurgents 1,600 yards away. Though they believed they were a safe distance away, Kyle incredibly dialed up his own solution, and killed one of them; that shot resulted in his longest confirmed kill in Iraq. I liked this memoir because Kyle demonstrates his patriotism and his selflessness through his perilous adventures. Kyle enlisted in the Seals to honor America, and to protect her people. Chris â€Å"risked [his] life for [his] buddies, to protect [his] friends and fellow countrymen† (267). Furthermore, even though he had a newborn baby, he sacrificed his responsibility as a father in order to serve his country. His extreme patriotism and selflessness allowed him to become a legend.

Wednesday, January 22, 2020

Comparing Debt Financing and Equity Financing Essay -- Financing Finan

There are two basic ways of financing for a business: Debt financing and equity financing. Debt financing is defined as 'borrowing money that is to be repaid over a period of time, usually with interest" (Financing Basics, 1). The lender does not gain any ownership in the business that is borrowing. Equity financing is described as "an exchange of money for a share of business ownership" (Financing Basics, 1). This form of financing allows the business to obtain funds without having to repay a specific amount of money at any particular time. There are also a few different instruments that could be defined as either debt or equity. One such instrument is stock options that an employee can exercise after so many years with the company. Either using the debt or equity method, or a combination of the two methods can be used to account for stock options or other instruments with the similar characteristics. There are pros and cons to deciding to use either of these methods. First I will discuss the pros of using the debt or equity methods. One pro of using the debt method is that it "does not entail 'selling' their equity, but instead works by 'borrowing' against it" (Financing Using, 1). So the company could account for future stock options by assuming that employees will cash the option in, and, in the books, it will look as if they simply have a liability. Another pro with the equity method is that the company is receiving money, and it does not have to pay the money back. In the end the investing company will normally make money on the investment, but it will come in the form of dividends and/or selling the stock back. There are also a few cons in accounting for these instruments are either debt of equity. "Excessive debt financing may impair your (the company's) credit rating and your ability to raise more money in the future (Financing Basics, 1). If a company has too much debt, it could be considered too risky and unsafe for a creditor to lend money. Also with excessive debt, a business could have problems with business downturns, credit shortages, or interest rate increases. "Conversely, too much equity financing can indicate that you are not making the most productive use of your capital; the capital is not being used advantageously as leverage for obtaining cash" (Financing Basics, 1). A low amount of equity shows that the owne... ...n Shares 400 This would be a very efficient way of accounting for the stock options. There will not be many changes in amounts when the employee has the option. This would be the entry for five years, and then the employee will have their option. Below is the journal entries for both decisions: Employee takes the cash Common Shares 2000 Accounts Payable 500 Cash 2500 Employee takes the stock Accounts Payable 500 Common Shares 500 Again, both methods clear out the accounts payable. Also the employee is receiving the cash or common shares in the right amount. Debt and equity methods are important decisions when deciding what to do with an instrument like stock options. All three methods, debt, equity, or a combination, are helpful in keeping the books correct and fair until the employee exercises their option. The best method in my mind is the combination of methods. It best shows were the money will go on average before the option is decided on. However the other two methods are also important considering the pros and cons of each decision. No clear answer, however, will ever be known as long as accounting exists.

Monday, January 13, 2020

Consequences of China’s One Child Policy

HIST HP 264-002| Consequences of China’s One-Child Policy| | | In the mid 1950’s, China’s population grew rapidly under Mao Zedong. He felt that the only way for China to get back on its feet was to become industrialized and that China would need manpower for this industrialization. â€Å"Even if China's population multiplies many times, she is fully capable of finding a solution; the solution is production,† Mao Zedong proclaimed in 1949. â€Å"Of all things in the world, people are the most precious. † The population grew so dramatically that the country’s resources were becoming scarce. In 1979, just three years after Mao’s death, the â€Å"One-Child Policy† took effect. This law was implemented by Deng Xiaoping to curb the population growth. The original intent for this policy was economically based. There had been a great famine, in which many people lost their lives, and China wanted to prevent this from happening again. There was not enough suitable farmland to provide food for the entire population nor was there enough water. They wanted to reduce the demand for natural resources, maintain a steady labor rate, and reduce unemployment caused by surplus labor. China’s justification for this policy was based on their support of the Marxist theory of population growth. This policy has been called the largest population control effort in history. The policy is very controversial mainly due to the way enforcement has been carried out. While the policy itself has achieved its main goal, by preventing over 400 million births from 1979-2010, the long-term consequences for China will be great. The one-child policy has many regulations. China maintains that this a voluntary policy but the enforcement of the policy has proven otherwise. I will touch briefly on a few of the most important points of the policy. The policy states that both the husband and wife must both practice birth planning. Birth outside of marriage is not allowed. Couples are permitted to have one child. Late marriage and late births are encouraged. Couples who follow the policy and have only one child will be given a certificate to receive rewards and preferential treatment. Those who refuse to follow the policy and give birth to a second child will be fined from the month that the child is born. The wages or annual income of both husband and wife will be decreased by ten to twenty percent for seven years. Regarding pregnancy not adherent to the plan, both husband and wife will be imposed a fine monthly during the period of pregnancy. If the pregnancy is terminated, the fine imposed will be returned. China’s system in caring for the elderly after retirement is simple. The eldest son is generally responsible. In earlier days, this was not such a terrible burden. However, with China’s one-child policy, many families find themselves in quite a predicament when their one child is a girl. A girl is traditionally groomed to be married. When the time comes for her to marry, she leaves her family and becomes a part of her husband’s family. She then becomes responsible for helping her husband care for his aging parents. Thus, her own family will be left without support and care. Even in cases where the family’s only child is a son, the â€Å"4-2-1 Problem† is often created. There is an increased burden on the one child to provide for his aging parents and grandparents, in addition to his immediate family. (The 4-2-1 policy refers to 4 grandparents, 2 parents, and 1 child. If personal savings, pensions or state welfare fail and the single child cannot care for the older adult relatives, the older generations would face a lack of resources and necessities. This is just one possible consequence to China’s one-child policy. When mothers become pregnant for the first time, some manage to have an ultrasound to determine the sex of the baby. This is i llegal in China but still happen none-the-less. If the parents learn that this first child is a girl, it is sometimes aborted. This is due to China’s preference of boys. There are many reasons that Chinese families prefer boys. One reason is an old religious link to Confucianism that prefers sons over daughters. Another reason is that a son is believed to be stronger and better able to help the family with farm work. Also, as I stated earlier, a son will support his parents in retirement and take care of them. A daughter would leave her family and become a part of her husband’s family. Sex-selective abortions are leading to a decline in the female population, which will also have long-term consequences as well. In China, boys are considered to be so important culturally, that a family is looked down on if they do not produce a boy. Therefore, having a boy is a source of great pride for a family. As if they can control their baby’s gender, wives are often threatened to be sent back home to their own families if they cannot produce a boy. When a woman is sent back to her own family, it is considered to be very shameful for both she and her family. Also, she would now be seen as a burden to her own family. They would have another mouth to feed and would have to support her as well. This would create further hardships for her family. Another consequence is the danger associated with enforcing the policy. In the early years of the policy, there were drastic measures taken to ensure that the policy was enforced. Population control workers were hired to enforce the policy strictly. Forced abortions were common amongst these enforcement procedures. Portable ultrasound devices were used to identify candidates who were carrying second children in remote villages. Some mothers who were eight and a half months pregnant were forced to abort their babies. This was often carried out by injecting a saline solution directly into the mother’s stomach. If mothers did not go to the clinic willingly to have the abortions, they were dragged there by force. There have even been reports of mothers who were already nine months pregnant, and in labor, having their babies killed while they were still in the birth canal. This not only harms the unborn child but also puts the mother’s health at risk with the possibility of hemorrhaging, infection, or even death. After these forced abortions, these mothers were subjected to forced sterilization as well. This means that if the government ever changes their mind and retracts the policy, these mothers will have no chance of having another child. Often, a mother becomes pregnant with a second child and manages to keep it a secret from the authorities for fear of forced abortions. If the family is wealthy, they are sometimes allowed to keep the baby if they pay large monetary fines to the government. The amounts of the fines are based on the statistics of the particular area where they are located. They can also have their houses and land taken away as a penalty. They can be denied bonuses at work or may lose their jobs altogether. Parents with more than one child are not given the same benefits as parents of only one child. They must pay for both children to go to school and pay for the entire family’s healthcare. Most families are not able to pay these fines nor are they able to survive without the significant benefits that are normally provided. This leads to families living in poverty and even death due to starvation or lack of proper healthcare. Another consequence of China’s one-child policy is the rate of female infanticide. Parents often panic when their baby is a girl and either kill the baby themselves or abandon the baby. Babies are abandoned in many ways. Sometimes they are taken to remote places and left to die. Other times they are left in public places, with or without notes, so that they can be found and taken to an orphanage. If the child is not found immediately, they can often be malnourished or in poor health when arriving at an orphanage. When this is the case, and a baby is beyond help, some Chinese orphanages have what are called â€Å"dying rooms†. These rooms are horrific. Babies are strapped to a chair with a hole in the seat that collects the baby’s waste. The babies in these rooms are left there, with no nourishment or care, to die. In the cases where the babies are abandoned and someone finds them rather quickly, they are taken to an orphanage to be cared for or are sent to a foster family. The lucky children are adopted internationally. Others can spend their whole lives in the orphanage. In China there are around 1,000 orphanages. Only 250 of those will send children out of the country to be adopted. Officially registered adoptions increased from 2,000 in 1992 to 55,000 in 2001. Many more were adopted informally without registration. In 2005, around 7,900 children were adopted into the United States. In reality, only about 5% of children in Chinese orphanages are adopted at all. Many babies put up for adoption have not been abandoned by their parents but confiscated by family planning officials. The one-child policy has also had a negative effect on the children legally born to couples. Parents tend to over indulge these children. This epidemic has created the name â€Å"little emperors† for these children and the condition created is being called â€Å"little emperor syndrome†. These children are spoiled. Because there was once a great famine in China, the parents want to give these children what they were deprived of. They want to ensure that they have plenty to eat and overindulge them. The children have become fat. There is now an initiative in China to stop obesity in children. There are clinics where parents and children are educated about healthy eating and exercise. Some children are even receiving acupuncture to curb their appetites. The fact that children are becoming overweight is not the only problem with the â€Å"little emperors†. They also suffer from poor social communication, poor cooperation skills and lack of self-discipline. They often struggle with strong personality disorders. In March 2007, the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) called on the Chinese government to abolish the one-child rule. Ye Tingfang, a sponsor of the proposal, argues that â€Å"It is not healthy for children to play only with their parents and be spoiled by them. The one-child limit is too extreme. Children in our country may not even be blessed to have cousins which is a serious handicap to their nature and may lead to personality flaws. It violates nature’s law and in the long run, this will lead to Mother Nature’s revenge. Because of the one-child policy, families who desperately want to have a second child often take on a foster child. This can temporarily fill a void of desire for more children. These families become very attached to the babies that they care for and love them just as if they were their own. When these babies are adopted, the foster parents are devastated and become deeply depressed and are forced to cope with the los s. This emotional strain is equally felt by the birth parents, who were forced to either abandon the baby or surrender it by force, as well as the foster parents who have cared for the infant. The one-child policy has affected the population significantly. In some areas, there has been a negative population growth. This means that the deaths of a region have outweighed the births. Also, the Chinese population is aging. This is when the median age of a country or region rises. The elders are now becoming greater than the younger generation. This will surely pose a tough strain on the younger generation to care for their older family members with no help from siblings. Another potential problem will arise as the preferred boys reach the age to marry and procreate. There will be a major shortage of women to fulfill the need. In recent studies, the ratio of men to women is 117:100. It is estimated that in the year 2020, there will be 40 million more men than women. This will have extreme consequences. These consequences include social instability, courtship motivated emigration, and forced marriages. Another tragic consequence is prostitution which can also lead to a rise in human immunodeficiency virus infection and other sexually transmitted diseases. Already there has been a problem with abduction of women. Women are being kidnapped and sold to men in other provinces. They are being raped and treated badly. If they try to scape, they are beaten severely. This are all consequences of the gender imbalance created as a result of China’s one-child policy. There have been a few exceptions made to the policy over the years. In rural areas, parents can apply to have a second child if the first is a girl. Other circumstances that would allow consideration for a second child would be if the first child s uffers from a physical disability, mental illness or mental retardation. When this special permission is granted, the parents are subject to birth spacing. This means that the parents must wait a specific amount of time before having the second child. This time period is generally from three to five years. Exceptions have also been made if both parents are only children. This would relieve the burden of the â€Å"4-2-1 problem† on just one child. Special considerations have also been made when the father is a disabled serviceman who will not be able to care for his own aging parents. Official permission is sometimes granted in cases such as the 2008 Sichuan earthquake, where children perished and in other cases where the child is deceased. Finally, there are exceptions made in affirmative action cases such as with Han Chinese who are considered to be minorities. Although the one child policy seems like an extremely harsh and controversial method of controlling the population, it isn’t as harsh as it may seem at first. It depends on which area of the country you live in as to how much it affects you. In some areas which have a low population, the policy is somewhat lenient, whereas in Sichuan, the policy is strictly adhered to in both rural and urban areas because it is overpopulated. As nearly 50% of China’s population live in the countryside, many are permitted to have two children because for the majority of places, the policy is more strictly enforced in urban areas. Typically, the power of enforcement is given at the provincial level. In March of 2011, the policy was reviewed by the Chinese government. Some officials expressed the need for consideration to allow couples to have a second child. The government announced that the policy will remain unchanged through at least 2015. China’s one-child policy has had many benefits. It has greatly reduced the severity of some major problems that come with overpopulation such as epidemics and slums. It has also helped out the issues with overwhelmed social services such as healthcare, education and law enforcement. The policy has helped reduce China’s ecological footprint by decreasing the abuse of fertile land and reduced the production of high volumes of waste. It has, in recent years, provided better health service for women. There has been a reduction in the risks of death and injury in pregnancy and women receive free contraception and prenatal classes. China in recent years, for the most part, has maintained a steady labor rate with reduced unemployment. With families having to spend less money on multiple children, they have more to invest for retirement. Finally, with fewer children, women can invest more time in their careers, increasing their personal income. With all of the benefits that have come from the policy, sometimes all the money and material possessions in the world cannot compare to the love of a child and the freedom to choose how large your family can be. In conclusion, China’s one-child policy was a drastic measure taken over thirty years ago to control a growing population problem. While it has succeeded in lowering the population and improving the economic situation, the long-term emotional and physical effects felt by families will continue to be unbearable for generations. Losing a child due to natural causes is hard enough but being forced into abortion, sterilization and abandonment has to be so much worse. BIBLIOGRAPHY Fitzpatrick, Laura. â€Å"China’s One-Child Policy,† Time, posted July 27, 2009, http://www. time. com/time/world/article (accessed April 9, 2011). Buckley Ebrey, Patricia. Chinese Civilization: A Sourcebook. 2nd ed. (New York: The Free Press, 1993), 478-481. Hesketh, Therese, Ph. D. â€Å"The Effect of China’s One-Child Policy after 25 Years,† The New England Journal of Medicine 353, no. 11 (2005): 1171-1176. Lost Girls. DVD, directed by David Royle (2005; Washington, DC: National Geographic, 2005). Phillips, Michelle. â€Å"Women forced to abort under China’s one-child policy,† The Washington Times, posted June 2, 2010, http://www. washingtontimes. com/news/2010/jun/2 (accessed April 9, 2011). Mosher, Steven W. â€Å"A Mother’s Ordeal: One Woman’s Fight Against China’s One Child Policy,† (MN: Park Press, Inc. , 1993), 56-60. Hays, Jeffrey. â€Å"One-Child Policy in China,† http://factsanddetails. com/china. php (accessed April 9, 2011). Scott, Joan. â€Å"Child Adoption in Contemporary Rural China,† Journal of Family Issues, March 27, 2006: 301-340. Consultative Conference: â€Å"The government must end the one-child rule,† AsiaNewsit. com, March 16, 2007 (accessed April 9, 2011). Sina English, â€Å"Advisors say it’s time to change one-child policy,† Shanghai Daily, March 15, 2007. http://english. sina. com/china/1/2007/0315/ (accessed April 9, 2011). ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Laura Fitzpatrick, â€Å"China’s One-Child Policy,† Time, posted July 27, 2009, http://www. time. com/time/world/article (accessed April 9, 2011). [ 2 ]. Patricia Buckley Ebrey, Chinese Civilization: A Sourcebook. 2nd ed. (New York: The Free Press, 1993), 478-481. 3 ]. Therese Hesketh, Ph. D, â€Å"The Effect of China’s One-Child Policy after 25 Years,† The New England Journal of Medicine 353, no. 11 (2005): 1171-1176. [ 4 ]. Steven W. Mosher, â€Å"A Mother’s Ordeal: One Woman’s Fight Agains t China’s One Child Policy,† (MN: Park Press, Inc. , 1993), 56-60. [ 5 ]. Lost Girls. DVD, directed by David Royle (2005; Washington, DC: National Geographic, 2005). [ 6 ]. Michelle Phillips, â€Å"Women forced to abort under China’s one-child policy,† The Washington Times, posted June 2, 2010, http://www. washingtontimes. com/news/2010/jun/2 (accessed April 9, 2011). 7 ]. Jeffrey Hays, â€Å"One-Child Policy in China,† http://factsanddetails. com/china. php (accessed April 9, 2011). [ 8 ]. Patricia Buckley Ebrey, Chinese Civilization: A Sourcebook. 2nd ed. (New York: The Free Press, 1993), 478-481. [ 9 ]. Lost Girls. DVD, directed by David Royle (2005; Washington, DC: National Geographic, 2005). [ 10 ]. Joan Scott, â€Å"Child Adoption in Contemporary Rural China,† Journal of Family Issues, March 27, 2006: 301-340. [ 11 ]. Consultative Conference: â€Å"The government must end the one-child rule,† AsiaNewsit. com, March 16, 2007 (acce ssed April 9, 2011). [ 12 ]. Sina English, â€Å"Advisors say it’s time to change one-child policy,† Shanghai Daily, March 15, 2007. http://english. sina. com/china/1/2007/0315/ (accessed April 9, 2011). [ 13 ]. Lost Girls. DVD, directed by David Royle (2005; Washington, DC: National Geographic, 2005). [ 14 ]. Therese Hesketh, Ph. D, â€Å"The Effect of China’s One-Child Policy after 25 Years,† The New England Journal of Medicine 353, no. 11 (2005): 1171-1176. [ 15 ]. Lost Girls. DVD, directed by David Royle (2005; Washington, DC: National Geographic, 2005). [ 16 ]. Patricia Buckley Ebrey, Chinese Civilization: A Sourcebook. 2nd ed. (New York: The Free Press, 1993), 478-481.

Sunday, January 5, 2020

Bellerophon Adventures of a Bad Boy Hero

Bellerophon was one of the major heroes of Greek mythology because he was the son of a mortal father. Whats in a demigod? Lets take a look at Bellerophon. The Birth of a Hero Remember Sisyphus, the guy punished for being a trickster by having to roll a rock up a hill - then doing it over and over, for eternity? Well, before he got into all that trouble, he was the king of Corinth, an important city in ancient Greece. He married Merope, one of the Pleiades - daughters of the Titan Atlas who were also stars in the sky. Sisphyus and Merope had one son, Glaucus. When it came time to get married, Glaucus ... had by Eurymede a son Bellerophon, according to Pseudo-Apollodoruss Library. Homer echoes this in the Iliad, saying, Sisyphus, son of Aeolus .... begat a son Glaucus; and Glaucus begat peerless Bellerophon. But what made Bellerophon so peerless? For one, Bellerophon was one of many Greek heroes (think Theseus, Heracles, and more) who had both human and divine fathers. Poseidon had relations with his mother, so Bellerophon was counted as both a man and a child of a god. So hes called both Sisyphus and Poseidons kid. Hyginus numbers Bellerophon among Poseidons sons in his Fabulae, and Hesiod elaborates even further on it. Hesiod calls Eurymede Eurynome, to whom Pallas Athene taught all her art, both wit and wisdom too; for she was as wise as the gods. But she lay in the arms of Poseidon and bare in the house of Glaucus blameless Bellerophon ... Not bad for a queen - a semi-divine child as her kid! Pegasus and Pretty Women As Poseidons son, Bellerophon was entitled to gifts from his immortal dad. Present number one? A winged horse as a pal. Hesiod writes, And when he began to roam, his father gave him Pegasus who would bear him most swiftly on his wings, and flew unwearying everywhere over the earth, for like the gales he would course along. Athena may actually have had a role in this. Pindar claims that Athena helped Bellerophon harness Pegasus by giving him a bridle with golden cheek-pieces. After sacrificing a bull to Athena, Bellerophon was able to bridle the untameable horse. He stretched the gentle charmed bridle around its jaws and caught the winged horse. Mounted on its back and armored in bronze, at once he began to play with weapons. First up on the list? Hanging out with a king named Proteus, whose wife, Antaea, fell in love with their guest. Why was that so bad? For Antaea, wife of Proetus, lusted after him, and would have had him lie with her in secret; but Bellerophon was an honorable man and would not, so she told lies about him to Proetus, says Homer. Of course, Proteus believed his wife, who claimed that Bellerophon tried to rape her. Interestingly, Diodorus Siculus says that Bellerophon went to visit Proteus because he was in exile because of a murder he had unwittingly committed. Proteus would have killed Bellerophon, but the Greeks had a strict policy of taking care of their guests. So, in order to get Bellerophon - but not do the deed himself - Proteus sent Bellerophon and his flying horse off to his father-in-law, King Iobates of Lycia (in Asia Minor). Along with Bellerophon, he sent a closed letter to Iobates, telling him of what B. supposedly did to Iobatess daughter. Needless to say, Iobates wasnt so fond of his new guest and wanted to kill Bellerophon! How to Get Away with Murder So he wouldnt violate the guest bond, Iobates tried to get a monster to kill Bellerophon. He first commanded Bellerophon to kill that savage monster, the Chimaera. This was one terrifying beast, who had the head of a lion and the tail of a serpent, while her body was that of a goat, and she breathed forth flames of fire. Presumably, not even Bellerophon could defeat this monster, so shed do the killing for Iobates and Proteus. Not so fast. Bellerophon was able to use his heroics to defeat the Chimaera, for he was guided by signs from heaven. He did it from high up, says Pseudo-Apollodorus. So Bellerophon mounted his winged steed Pegasus, offspring of Medusa and Poseidon, and soaring on high shot down the Chimera from the height. Next up on his battle list? The Solymi, a tribe in Lycia, recounts Herodotus. Then, Bellerophon took on the Amazons, fierce warrior women of the ancient world, on the command of Iobates. He defeated them, but still the Lycian king plotted against him, for he chose the bravest warriors in all Lycia, and placed them in ambuscade, but not a man ever came back, for Bellerophon killed every one of them, says Homer. Finally, Iobates realized he had a good guy on his hands. As a result, he honored Bellerophon and kept him in Lycia, gave him his daughter in marriage, and made him of equal honor in the kingdom with himself; and the Lycians gave him a piece of land, the best in all the country, fair with vineyards and tilled fields, to have and to hold. Ruling Lycia with his father-in-law, Bellerophon even had three kids. Youd think he had it all ... but this wasnt enough for an egotistical hero. Downfall from On High Not content with being a king and a gods son, Bellerophon decided to try to become a god himself. He mounted Pegasus and attempted to fly him to Mount Olympus. Writes Pindar in his Isthmean Ode, Winged Pegasus threw his master Bellerophon, who wanted to go to the dwelling-places of heaven and the company of Zeus. Tossed down to earth, Bellerophon had lost his heroic status and lived the rest of his life in indignity. Homer writes that he came to be hated by all the gods, he wandered all desolate and dismayed upon the Alean plain, gnawing at his own heart, and shunning the path of man. Not a nice way to end a heroic life! As for his kids, two out of three died due to the gods anger. Ares, insatiate of battle, killed his son Isandros while he was fighting the Solymi; his daughter was killed by Artemis of the golden reins, for she was angered with her, writes Homer. But his other son, Hippolochus, lived to father a son named Glaucus, who fought at Troy and narrated his own lineage in the Iliad. Hippolochus encouraged Glaucus to live up to his famous ancestry, noting he urged me, again and again, to fight ever among the foremost and out-vie my peers, so as not to shame the blood of my fathers who were the noblest in Ephyra and in all Lycia.